Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and molecular typing of salmonella typhi isolated from patients with typhoid fever in Lebanon
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Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the epidemiology and the clinical manifestations of typhoid fever as well as the susceptibility and strain relatedness of Salmonella typhi isolates in Lebanon from 2006 to 2007. A total of 120 patients with typhoid fever were initially identified from various areas of the country based on positive culture results for S. typhi from blood, urine, stools, bone marrow and/or positive serology. Clinical, microbiological and molecular analysis was performed on cases with complete data available. These results indicated that drinking water was an unlikely mode of transmission of the infection. Despite increasing reports of antimicrobial resistance among S. typhi isolates, the vast majority of these isolates were susceptible to various antibiotic agents, including ampicillin, cephalosporins, quinolones, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Molecular analysis of the isolates revealed a predominance of one single genotype with no variation in distribution across the geographical regions. © 2014 Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia.
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Enteric fever, Food borne diseases, Middle east, Molecular typing, Salmonella typhi, Typhoid fever, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, preschool, Drug resistance, multiple, bacterial, Humans, Infant, Lebanon, Middle aged, Water microbiology, Ampicillin, Cephalosporin derivative, Cotrimoxazole, Quinoline derived antiinfective agent, Antibiotic resistance, Article, Bacterium culture, Bacterium isolation, Blood culture, Bone marrow culture, Clinical feature, Controlled study, Disease transmission, Feces culture, Female, Genotype, Human, Major clinical study, Male, Nonhuman, Priority journal, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi, Urine culture, Isolation and purification, Microbiology, Multidrug resistance, Preschool child, Salmonella enterica serovar typhi, Transmission, Very elderly