Neuroendocrine Differentiation of Skin Tumors: A Comprehensive Review
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Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Abstract
Neuroendocrine differentiation is characterized by endocrine and neuronal features with prominent dense secretory granules and neuropeptides. Neuroendocrine differentiation of skin tumors is of unknown clinical significance. Nonetheless, the acknowledgment of this line of differentiation is important to prevent diagnostic pitfalls and subsequent inappropriate management. This review aims at summarizing the skin neoplasms that can express neuroendocrine markers. © 2020 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.
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Cutaneous carcinoid tumors, Merkel cell carcinoma, Neuroendocrine differentiation, Biomarkers, tumor, Carcinoma, merkel cell, Cell differentiation, Diagnosis, differential, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Neuroendocrine tumors, Predictive value of tests, Skin neoplasms, Calgranulin a, Carcinoembryonic antigen, Chromogranin a, Cytokeratin, Cytokeratin 20, Epithelial membrane antigen, Estrogen receptor, Homeobox protein nkx 2.1, Microphthalmia associated transcription factor, Progesterone receptor, Receptor type tyrosine protein phosphatase c, Smooth muscle actin, Synaptophysin, Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, Tumor marker, Adenoma, Basal cell carcinoma, Carcinoid, Cutaneous adnexal tumor, Cutaneous glomus tumor, Cutaneous neuroendocrine adenoma, Histology, Human, Keratinocyte, Melanocyte, Melanoma, Metastasis, Neuroendocrine carcinoma, Neurosecretory cell, Neurothekeoma, Review, Skin tumor, Small cell carcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma, Vascular tumor, Chemistry, Differential diagnosis, Neuroendocrine tumor, Pathology, Predictive value