A Critical Review of the Circular Economy Concept and Sustainable Development in Bamenda, Northwest Region of Cameroon

Abstract

It is assumed that deploying the Circular Economy (CE) model will result in high resource efficiency (Boon & Anuga, 2020). This study contrasts the appeal for CE with what Chambers (2014) refers to as outsiders. This paper investigates the circular economy concept and strategies in place for circularity in the agro-food and ecology sector in Bamenda (I & III) Northwest Region of Cameroon, with a focus on SDGs 2 (zero hunger), 5 (gender equality), 10 (reduced inequalities), 12 (responsible consumption and production), and 13 (climate change). Data was collected via semi-structured interviews with ten organizations in the agro-food and ecology sector and focus group discussions with eight farmers. Secondary data was also collected via a review of related literature. A qualitative research design was employed, specifically a survey that allowed for probing and measuring variables related to circular economy and sustainable development. Primary data collected was analyzed using Microsoft Online for transcription and NVivo 14, a software program for qualitative data analysis. The analysis followed an inductive thematic approach, which involves identifying patterns and themes within the data without preconceived categories. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the circular economy concept and the strategies to achieve circularity in Bamenda (I & III). It highlights techniques used for circularity, emphasizing resource reuse, recycling, and multi-use strategies. This study found that circular farming practices have significant potential to drive sustainable development and achieve SDGs 2, 5, 10, 12, and 13 in Bamenda. Local receptiveness to circular practices is evident, with many already involved. It recommends leveraging existing circular practices and knowledge to effectively communicate the benefits of circular economy principles to drive sustainable development. However, the study reveals a lack of widespread adoption due to knowledge and technological gaps. To overcome barriers, it recommends awareness campaigns, policy support, capacity building, and leveraging indigenous knowledge. Political instability also poses challenges, necessitating a stable environment for circular development. Overall, circular practices can enhance environmental sustainability, reduce waste, and improve livelihoods in Bamenda. Key findings highlight the importance of tangible benefits, supportive policies, local engagement, revised definitions emphasizing societal-wide prosperity, regenerative practices, addressing gender disparities, and addressing waste management challenges.