MRI evaluation of the placenta from normal variants to abnormalities of implantation and malignancies
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John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Abstract
Even though the placenta has been known for millennia, it is still considered one of the most complex and least understood human organs. Imaging of the placenta is gaining attention due to its impact on fetal and maternal outcomes. MRI plays a vital role in evaluation of inconclusive cases by ultrasonography. It enables precise mapping of placental abnormalities for proper multidisciplinary planning and management. In this article we provide a comprehensive in-depth review of the role of antenatal MR in evaluating The Placenta. We will describe the protocols and techniques used for MRI of the placenta, review anatomy of the placenta, describe MRI features of major placental abnormalities including those related to position, depth of implantation, hemorrhage, gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, and retained products of conception and discuss the added value of MRI in the management and preoperative planning of such abnormalities. Level of Evidence: 3. Technical Efficacy Stage: 5. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1702–1717. © 2019 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
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Gtd, Mri, Percreta, Placenta, Pregnancy, Previa, Female, Gestational trophoblastic disease, Humans, Magnetic resonance imaging, Placenta diseases, Anatomical variation, Arterial spin labeling, Bleeding, Chorioangioma, Clinical feature, Clinical protocol, Conception, Diffusion weighted imaging, Health care planning, Human, Hydatidiform mole, Nidation, Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Patient safety, Placenta accreta, Placenta disorder, Placenta increta, Placenta previa, Placental hematoma, Prenatal period, Preoperative period, Priority journal, Retained placenta, Review, Trophoblastic tumor, Vasa previa, Diagnostic imaging, Procedures