Genetics of myocardial infarction: The role of thrombosis-associated genes. A review article

Abstract

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the death of myocytes due to prolonged ischemia which is the result of perfusion-demand mismatch in the corresponding tissues. Although the medical field has progressed tremendously in elaborating treatments in the form of drug-eluting stents and medications, coronary heart disease (CHD) is still the leading cause of death worldwide. In fact, the WHO fact sheet reviewed in June 2016 declares that cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death globally. Therefore, more emphasis should be put on implementing preventive measures to reduce the burden of CHD. Elucidating the details of the genetic predisposition to CHD including MI enhances our prognostic capacities and allows for more effective interventions. In this review, we explore the contribution of 10 genes to myocardial infarction; these genes code for Factor V, Factor II, MTHFR, PAI, HPA-1, ACE, Apo B, Apo E, Fibrinogen, and Factor XIII. Some of these genes are directly associated with MI. Other genes are less important. The findings are summarized in a table at the end of the review. The take-home message is a recommendation for incorporating genetic screening for the major thrombosis-associated genes (mutations and polymorphisms) into the initial diagnostic work-up of a patient presenting with myocardial infarction or coronary artery disease and into the prognostic and preventive work-up of high risk individuals. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.