Garlic for cardiovascular disease: Prevention or treatment?
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Bentham Science Publishers B.V.
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of global mortality with a substantial economic impact. The annual deaths are expected to increase in the next decade. An array of dietary supplements is being used by people worldwide to ameliorate cardiovascular risk factors. Garlic (Allium sativum L.), a top-selling herbal dietary supplement, is renowned for its wide range beneficial effects, particularly in the treatment and prevention of CVD. This review aims to present a thorough discussion of the available evidence-based data which support the use of garlic in the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. The molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are dissected as well. This review supports the notion that garlic has the potential to treat mild hypertension, to decrease hypercholesterolemia, and to prevent atherosclerosis. More clinical studies are essential to unequivocally understand the mechanisms underlying treatment or prevention of these cardiovascular conditions. © 2017 Bentham Science Publishers.
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Keywords
Allium sativum, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular disease, Garlic, Herbal medicine, Hyperlipidemia, Hypertension, Thrombosis, Animals, Cardiovascular diseases, Dietary supplements, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia, Risk factors, Abc transporter a1, Abc transporter g5, Abc transporter g8, Arginine, Cd36 antigen, Cholesterol, Endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Garlic extract, High density lipoprotein cholesterol, Hydrogen sulfide, Liver x receptor alpha, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, Neuronal nitric oxide synthase, Nitric oxide, Nitric oxide synthase, Tetrahydrobiopterin, Triacylglycerol, Anaphylaxis, Bloating, Chemical composition, Clinical effectiveness, Concentration response, Contact dermatitis, Diet supplementation, Dietary intake, Drug activity, Drug formulation, Drug safety, Epigastric pain, Esophagus pain, Evidence based medicine, Flatulence, Hematemesis, Human, Intestine obstruction, Nausea, Nonhuman, Patient counseling, Pemphigus, Pharmacokinetic parameters, Phase 2 clinical trial (topic), Phase 3 clinical trial (topic), Phase 4 clinical trial (topic), Photoallergy, Priority journal, Rectum hemorrhage, Regulatory mechanism, Review, Thrombocyte aggregation, Thrombocyte aggregation inhibition, Treatment duration, Treatment outcome, Treatment response, Urticaria, Animal, Chemistry, Dietary supplement, Risk factor