Ineffective Erythropoiesis: Anemia and Iron Overload
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W.B. Saunders
Abstract
Stress erythropoiesis (SE) is characterized by an imbalance in erythroid proliferation and differentiation under increased demands of erythrocyte generation and tissue oxygenation. β-thalassemia represents a chronic state of SE, called ineffective erythropoiesis (IE), exhibiting an expansion of erythroid-progenitor pool and deposition of alpha chains on erythrocyte membranes, causing cell death and anemia. Concurrently, there is a decrease in hepcidin expression and a subsequent state of iron overload. There are substantial investigative efforts to target increased iron absorption under IE. There are also avenues for targeting cell contact and signaling within erythroblastic islands under SE, for therapeutic benefits. © 2017 Elsevier Inc.
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Keywords
Erythroblastic island, Hepcidin and iron homeostasis, Iron overload, Stress and ineffective erythropoiesis, Anemia, Animals, Biomarkers, Cell differentiation, Erythroid precursor cells, Erythropoiesis, Gene expression regulation, Humans, Signal transduction, Stress, physiological, Growth differentiation factor, Growth differentiation factor 11, Heat shock protein 70, Hepcidin, Janus kinase 2, Serine proteinase, Stat5 protein, Tmprss6 protein, Unclassified drug, Biological marker, Beta thalassemia, Erythroblast, Human, Ineffective erythropoiesis, Iron homeostasis, Macrophage, Nonhuman, Pathophysiology, Priority journal, Review, Stress erythropoiesis, Animal, Blood, Cytology, Erythroid precursor cell, Genetics, Metabolism, Physiological stress