The role of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p21cip1/waf1 in targeting cancer: Molecular mechanisms and novel therapeutics
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Authors
Bitar, Sara Al
Gali-Muhtasib, Hala Uthman
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Volume Title
Publisher
MDPI AG
Abstract
p21cip1/waf1 mediates various biological activities by sensing and responding to multiple stimuli, via p53-dependent and independent pathways. p21 is known to act as a tumor suppressor mainly by inhibiting cell cycle progression and allowing DNA repair. Significant advances have been made in elucidating the potential role of p21 in promoting tumorigenesis. Here, we discuss the involvement of p21 in multiple signaling pathways, its dual role in cancer, and the importance of understanding its paradoxical functions for effectively designing therapeutic strategies that could selectively inhibit its oncogenic activities, override resistance to therapy and yet preserve its tumor suppressive functions. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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Keywords
Cancer therapy, Cell cycle, Chemoresistance, Dual role, P21, Signaling pathways, Butyric acid, Cisplatin, Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1, Fluindostatin, Fluorouracil, Histone deacetylase inhibitor, Mevinolin, Oxaliplatin, Protein p53, Sorafenib, Temozolomide, Triptolide, Ubiquitin, Vorinostat, Apoptosis, Cancer prognosis, Cancer resistance, Carcinogenesis, Cell aging, Cellular distribution, Dna damage response, Dna repair, Drug targeting, Gene mutation, Human, Nonhuman, Oncogene, Protein degradation, Protein phosphorylation, Protein stability, Proto oncogene, Renal cell carcinoma, Review, Transcription regulation, Tumor suppressor gene