Insights in orthodontic genetic and epigenetic knowledge and its translation in clinical practice

Abstract

Applying genetic practice to current medicine has become more common and necessary in the prognosis, diagnosis and outcome of a myriad of diseases and disorders. Despite the general awareness of its importance, genetic knowledge still lacks direct application in daily orthodontic practice. The aim was to identify multiple genetic associations with orofacial phenotypes, highlight the importance of genetic influence in orthodontics, and describe challenges and gaps in integrating genetic knowledge in clinical practice. In the process, the influence of environmental factors on orofacial development and treatment is underscored, hence the role of epigenetics in regulating gene expression and tissue remodeling. © 2023 Elsevier Inc.