Challenges of Public and Private Middle School Counselors in Lebanon

Abstract

This study examined the challenges faced by middle school counselors in public and private schools in Lebanon and explored the strategies used to enhance counseling effectiveness. A sequential mixed-methods design was employed, combining survey and interview data. The sample consisted of 22 school counselors from the Greater Beirut area. Findings revealed that counselors experience multidimensional challenges. Quantitative results identified workload, high counselor–student ratios, and limited parental awareness as key challenges. Qualitative findings further highlighted issues related to counseling practice, including high caseloads and emotional burden; stakeholder-related challenges such as limited parental engagement, low awareness, and persistent stigma; and structural constraints, including the absence of clear policies and inconsistent implementation of counseling frameworks. Counselors reported using adaptive strategies such as case prioritization, group counseling, and flexible coordination with school staff. They also emphasized the need for stronger policy frameworks, clearer role definitions, and improved professional support. Overall, the findings highlight the need for coordinated structural and institutional reforms to strengthen school counseling and support student well-being in Lebanon.