The D-side of COVID-19: musculoskeletal benefits of vitamin D and beyond
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Springer
Abstract
Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) mostly adversely affects the elderly, a population at higher risk for low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels. In this viewpoint, we highlight the well-known musculoskeletal properties of vitamin D, which are particularly relevant in the context of COVID-19, suggesting further potential benefits through extra-skeletal effects. Maintaining optimal 25(OH)D is crucial to prevent falls, frailty and fractures in elderly patients, with low activity levels due to lockdown, or who are relatively immobilized during hospitalization and after discharge for prolonged periods of time. Hypovitaminosis D is also associated with susceptibility to respiratory infections, admissions to the intensive care unit, and mortality. We underscore the importance of achieving desirable serum 25(OH)D in COVID-19 elderly patients, to ensure beneficial musculoskeletal effects and possibly respiratory effects of vitamin D, in the context of COVID-19. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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Ards, Covid-19, Elderly, Fractures, Frailty, Vitamin d, Accidental falls, Aged, Bone density conservation agents, Coronavirus infections, Fractures, bone, Humans, Pandemics, Pneumonia, viral, Vitamin d deficiency, 25 hydroxyvitamin d, Calcitriol, Calcium, Colecalciferol, Immunoglobulin, Interleukin 6, Toll like receptor 1, Toll like receptor 2, Vitamin d receptor, Bone density conservation agent, Adaptive immunity, Adl disability, Adult respiratory distress syndrome, Article, Calcium intake, Chronic obstructive lung disease, Coronavirus disease 2019, Daily life activity, Death, Disease association, Disease severity, Falling, Hip fracture, Hospital admission, Hospital discharge, Hospital mortality, Hospitalization, Human, Immobilization, Inflammation, Innate immunity, Intensive care unit, Length of stay, Mortality rate, Muscle function, Muscle strength, Muscle weakness, Osteolysis, Physical activity, Priority journal, Risk reduction, Vitamin blood level, Vitamin supplementation, Complication, Coronavirus infection, Fracture, Pandemic, Prevention and control, Virus pneumonia