Are Green Spaces an Effective Way to Remove Air Pollution in Urban Area of Beirut, Lebanon

Abstract

Air pollution stands as a environmental concern, representing a significant contributor to global mortality rates. Despite efforts to improve air quality, existing interventions often fall short of addressing the magnitude of this issue. However, emerging evidence suggests that green spaces and vegetation play a crucial role in mitigating airborne pollutants, particularly particulate matter (PM), through processes such as deposition and absorption.

This study delves deeply into the intricate relationship between green spaces and PM pollution within urban environments. PM samples were collected from designated green sites within the American University of Beirut, as well as contrasting non-green sites along the university's periphery. Employing inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the collected PM samples underwent thorough analysis to elucidate the predominant metal elements present across various size fractions and site types.

Furthermore, individual particles underwent meticulous scrutiny using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) to unveil their morphology and elemental composition. Additionally, filters were analyzed to determine the concentrations of black carbon. This comprehensive study enables the identification and characterization of dominant metal elements within PM across different sizes and site types. Moreover, it facilitates the establishment of correlations between the morphology and elemental composition of individual particles and their size and origin (green vs. non-green sites). By shedding light on these intricate dynamics, this research contributes valuable insights into the potential of green spaces to mitigate PM pollution and underscores the importance of incorporating natural solutions into urban planning and air quality management strategies.