صور الأنثى في المعراج النبوي والصوفي

Abstract

تختبر هذه الدراسة صور الأنثى في قصص المعراج الإسلامي، النبوي والصوفي، باحثةً في جذورها وأبعادها ومراميها. تتّخذ صور الأنثى في قصة المعراج النبوي وجوهًا مختلفة، تتطوّر ملامحها بتطوّر روايات القصّة نفسها من أحاديث بسيطةٍ في سيرة ابن إسحاق(703 -768م)، مرورًا بسيرة ابن هشام (ت 833 م)، إلى قصّةٍ متراكبة في كتاب المعراج للقشيري (986 – 1074م) والمخطوطة الأندلسيّة. ثمّThis thesis explores the female images in the stories of Islamic Ascension, both the prophetic and the Sufi, questioning their roots, dimensions and aims. The different female images in the prophetic ascension develop their own details in parallel to the development of the story versions from simple Hadith in Sīrat ibn Isḥaq (703 -768(and Sīrat ibn Hishām (833) to a complex story in Kītāb al-Miʿrāj by Al-Qushairī (986 -1074) and in the Andalusian Mansucript of the Prophetic Ascension. The female images then appear in different forms in the stories of Sufi Ascension of Al-Busṭāmī (804-874) and Ibn ʿArabī (1164-1242). These female images are referred to female archetypes founded by C.G. Jung (1875 – 1961) and pointed out by Mircea Eliade (1986 – 1921). These archetypes emphasize the development of the story of prophetic ascension from a religious story to a folk tale which has roots in old myths and in the collective subconscious of the people. This thesis also studies the position of women in this kind of religious-folk tales by means of two approaches: First, by comparison of the female images in the stories of ascension from Earth to Heaven to those in the story of the fall from Heaven to Earth. And second, by a gender study of these female images in the stories of Islamic Ascension. The study of the female images in both the prophetic and the Sufi ascension shall highlight the changes that arose upon the transformation of the ascension story from a body ascension in the case of the prophet to a spiritual one in the case of Al-Busṭāmī and Ibn ʿArabī. These changes in the female images demonstrate the role Sufis played in altering the stereotypical image of women in Islam.