Review of meningococcal vaccines with updates on immunization in adults
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Landes Bioscience
Abstract
Meningococcal disease is a serious and global life-threatening disease. Six serogroups (A, B, C, W-135, X, and Y) account for the majority of meningococcal disease worldwide. Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines were introduced several decades ago and have led to the decline in the burden of disease. However, polysaccharide vaccines have several limitations, including poor immunogenicity in infants and toddlers, short-lived protection, lack of immunologic memory, negligible impact on nasopharyngeal carriage, and presence of hyporesponsiveness after repeated doses. The chemical conjugation of plain polysaccharide vaccines has the potential to overcome these drawbacks. Meningococcal conjugate vaccines include the quadrivalent vaccines (MenACWY-DT, Men-ACWY-CRM, and MenACWY-TT) as well as the monovalent A and C vaccines. These conjugate vaccines were shown to elicit strong immune response in adults. This review addresses the various aspects of meningococcal disease, the limitations posed by polysaccharide vaccines, the different conjugate vaccines with their immunogenicity and reactogenicity in adults, and the current recommendations in adults. © 2014 Landes Bioscience.
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Adults, Meningococcal conjugate vaccine, Meningococcal disease, Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine, Neisseria meningitidis, Recommendations, Adolescent, Adult, Humans, Immunization, Meningococcal infections, Meningococcal vaccines, Middle aged, Vaccines, conjugate, Young adult, Ampicillin, Chickenpox measles mumps rubella vaccine, Diphtheria pertussis poliomyelitis tetanus haemophilus influenzae type b hepatitis b vaccine, Diphtheria toxoid, Hepatitis a hepatitis b vaccine, Host factor, Influenza vaccine, Measles mumps rubella vaccine, Meningococcal conjugate quadrivalent vaccine, Meningococcus vaccine, Menjugate kit, Penicillin derivative, Pneumococcus vaccine, Polysaccharide vaccine, Priorix tetra, Unclassified drug, Vaccine, Allergic reaction, Antibiotic prophylaxis, Antibody titer, Arthralgia, Bacterial colonization, Bacterium isolation, Drug efficacy, Drug safety, Fatigue, Fever, Gastrointestinal symptom, Geographic distribution, Headache, Human, Immune response, Immunogenicity, Immunological memory, Incidence, Injection site erythema, Injection site pain, Injection site reaction, Malaise, Meningococcosis, Myalgia, Nausea, Opsonization, Pain, Paresthesia, Pathogenesis, Practice guideline, Review, Seasonal influenza, Seizure, Somnolence, Species invasion, Swelling, Virus strain, Immunology, Utilization