Factors Influencing Ecotourism Development: A Comparative Study of Shouf Biosphere Reserve Villages

Abstract

This study explores the factors influencing ecotourism development in the Shouf Biosphere Reserve (SBR) by conducting a comparative case study of two villages: Maaser El Shouf and Niha. The comparative case study methodology analyzes similarities, differences, opportunities, and challenges between the two villages. While both villages are significant in size and strategically positioned as entry points to the reserve, their levels of ecotourism development vary.

The research identifies key stakeholders involved in ecotourism development and examines the environmental, socio-cultural, and economic factors that shape ecotourism practices in these villages.

The findings indicate that Maaser has benefited from stronger stakeholder collaboration, more effective governance structures, and better-developed infrastructure, leading to more successful ecotourism initiatives. In contrast, Niha faces challenges such as resistance to change, limited local participation, and underdeveloped infrastructure, which hinder its ecotourism potential. The research also highlights the need for tailored strategies that consider the unique characteristics of each village and stresses the role of ecotourism in promoting environmental conservation, cultural heritage, and sustainable local economies. The findings offer insights for developing ecotourism in biosphere reserves, contributing to local livelihoods, cultural preservation, and environmental sustainability by understanding the drivers of ecotourism development.

This study provides recommendations for policymakers and SBR planners and managers. In addition, this study proposes various directions for future studies.