Immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: Primed to make a difference?
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Date
2016
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Abstract
Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) carries a dismal prognosis and the current treatment is limited to sorafenib, an agent with modest benefit. Preclinical data have indicated that several immunologic mechanisms are at play to promote HCC development and growth while impairing effective antitumor immune surveillance. Several novel approaches geared toward manipulating the immune response to HCC have suggested a therapeutic benefit in early-stage clinical trials, indicating a real potential to augment tumor-specific immunity and improve outcomes in patients with this disease. In the current study, the authors reviewed the barriers to an effective immune response against HCC and contemporary clinical investigations that may be primed to alter the natural history of HCC. Cancer 2016;122:367-377. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Description
Keywords
Checkpoint inhibitors, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Immune evasion, Immunotherapy, Antibodies, monoclonal, Antigens, cd274, Antineoplastic agents, Cancer vaccines, Carcinoma, hepatocellular, Clinical trials as topic, Ctla-4 antigen, Cytokines, Hepatitis, chronic, Humans, Interferons, Liver neoplasms, Oncolytic virotherapy, Programmed cell death 1 receptor, Pyrazoles, Quinolines, T-lymphocytes, Tumor escape, Cancer vaccine, Cd137 antigen, Cytokine, Cytotoxic t lymphocyte antigen 4, Durvalumab, Galunisertib, Gamma interferon, Interferon, Interleukin 12, Interleukin 7 receptor, Lirilumab, Major histocompatibility antigen class 1, Major histocompatibility antigen class 2, Nivolumab, Oncolytic virus, Sorafenib, Ticilimumab, Antineoplastic agent, Cd274 protein, human, Ctla4 protein, human, Ly-2157299, Monoclonal antibody, Pdcd1 protein, human, Programmed death 1 ligand 1, Programmed death 1 receptor, Pyrazole derivative, Quinoline derivative, Advanced cancer, Cancer growth, Cancer prognosis, Cancer staging, Cd4+ t lymphocyte, Cd8+ t lymphocyte, Human, Immune response, Immune system, Immunological tolerance, Immunosurveillance, Liver cell carcinoma, Priority journal, Review, Unspecified side effect, Antagonists and inhibitors, Chronic hepatitis, Clinical trial (topic), Immunology, Procedures, T lymphocyte