Management of leptomeningeal metastasis in breast cancer
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Elsevier B.V.
Abstract
Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM), which occurs when malignant cells spread to the central nervous system, is becoming an increasingly common complication in patients with breast cancer. Diagnosis and treatment of LM is challenging. Moreover, prognosis of patients with LM is poor, with a median survival of 6 months after diagnosis. This review highlights the strengths and limitations of currently available diagnostic tools and therapies for LM. The current treatments for LM, including radiotherapy, systemic therapy, and intrathecal treatment, aim to maintain the quality of life of patients by correcting neurological deficits and arresting neurological degeneration. However, there is no standardized therapy for LM because of a lack of randomized trials on this condition. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
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Keywords
Brain cancer, Breast cancer, Carcinomatous meningitis, Csf, Leptomeningeal metastasis, Metastasis, Antineoplastic combined chemotherapy protocols, Breast neoplasms, Combined modality therapy, Humans, Meningeal carcinomatosis, Meningeal neoplasms, Neoplasm metastasis, Antiinfective agent, Capecitabine, Cytarabine, Dexamethasone, Dna topoisomerase inhibitor, Etoposide, Lapatinib, Letrozole, Methotrexate, Psychostimulant agent, Tamoxifen, Temozolomide, Thiotepa, Trastuzumab, Antineoplastic agent, Brain degeneration, Brain metastasis, Cancer hormone therapy, Cancer radiotherapy, Human, Molecularly targeted therapy, Neurologic disease, Quality of life, Randomized controlled trial (topic), Review, Supportive therapy, Systematic review (topic), Systemic therapy, Therapy, Breast tumor, Meningioma, Multimodality cancer therapy, Pathology