Risk factors for multiple sclerosis and associations with anti-EBV antibody titers
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Academic Press Inc.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelination of the central nervous system. We investigated the prevalence of EBV seropositivity and other known risk factors for MS (age, smoking, low vitamin D) and their effect on anti-EBV antibody titers. We retrospectively studied 249 MS patients receiving care at the American University of Beirut Medical Center and 230 controls, during 2010-2014. EBV seropositivity was higher in MS patients compared to controls for both anti-VCA (99.5%; 97.2%) and anti-EBNA-1 (96.3%; 89.4%), and the titers were significantly higher in MS patients. MS patients had a significantly lower vitamin D level (15.5. ±. 8.3. ng/ml) compared to controls (20.4. ±. 11.3. ng/ml). The proportion of heavy smokers and overweight individuals was significantly higher in MS patients. Lebanese MS patients have risk factors similar to those in western countries. Older age and female gender were associated with a higher anti-VCA titer and male gender with a higher anti-EBNA-1. © 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc.
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Keywords
Epstein-barr virus, Multiple sclerosis, Risk factors, Adolescent, Adult, Age factors, Aged, Antibodies, viral, Capsid proteins, Case-control studies, Epstein-barr virus nuclear antigens, Female, Herpesvirus 4, human, Humans, Lebanon, Male, Middle aged, Multiple sclerosis, chronic progressive, Multiple sclerosis, relapsing-remitting, Overweight, Retrospective studies, Sex factors, Smoking, Vitamin d, Vitamin d deficiency, Young adult, Antibody, Epstein barr virus antibody, Glatiramer, Interferon, Methylprednisolone, Natalizumab, Unclassified drug, 25-hydroxyvitamin d, Capsid protein, Epstein barr virus antigen, Virus antibody, Antibody titer, Article, Blood sampling, Body mass, Controlled study, Disease duration, Epstein barr virus, Human, Lebanese, Major clinical study, Obesity, Priority journal, Retrospective study, Vitamin blood level, Vitamin supplementation, Age, Analogs and derivatives, Blood, Case control study, Immunology, Risk factor, Sex difference