Unveiling a Biomarker Signature of Meningioma: The Need for a Panel of Genomic, Epigenetic, Proteomic, and RNA Biomarkers to Advance Diagnosis and Prognosis
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most prevalent primary intracranial tumors. The majority are benign but can undergo dedifferentiation into advanced grades classified by World Health Organization (WHO) into Grades 1 to 3. Meningiomas’ tremendous variability in tumor behavior and slow growth rates complicate their diagnosis and treatment. A deeper comprehension of the molecular pathways and cellular microenvironment factors implicated in meningioma survival and pathology is needed. This review summarizes the known genetic and epigenetic aberrations involved in meningiomas, with a focus on neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and non-NF2 mutations. Novel potential biomarkers for meningioma diagnosis and prognosis are also discussed, including epigenetic-, RNA-, metabolomics-, and protein-based markers. Finally, the landscape of available meningioma-specific animal models is overviewed. Use of these animal models can enable planning of adjuvant treatment, potentially assisting in pre-operative and post-operative decision making. Discovery of novel biomarkers will allow, in combination with WHO grading, more precise meningioma grading, including meningioma identification, subtype determination, and prediction of metastasis, recurrence, and response to therapy. Moreover, these biomarkers may be exploited in the development of personalized targeted therapies that can distinguish between the 15 diverse meningioma subtypes. © 2023 by the authors.
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Biomarker, Meningioma, Mirna, Nf2 mutations, Proteomics, Amphiregulin, Beta catenin, Bevacizumab, Biological marker, Caspase 3, Connective tissue growth factor, Cytokeratin 19, Eotaxin 2, Epidermal growth factor receptor, Erythropoietin, Estrogen receptor, Hypoxia inducible factor 1, Interleukin 12, Long untranslated rna, Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1, Microrna, Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, Progesterone receptor, Prostate specific membrane antigen, Protein kinase b, Protein p53, Regorafenib, Rna, Somatostatin, Sorafenib, Vasculotropin, Vimentin, Akt1 gene, Angiogenesis, Apoptosis, Bap1 gene, Bioinformatics, Bioluminescence, Brain development, Cancer diagnosis, Cancer grading, Cancer growth, Cancer prognosis, Cancer survival, Carcinogenesis, Cell infiltration, Cell proliferation, Central nervous system tumor, Chromosomal instability, Clinical outcome, Computer assisted tomography, Cytogenetics, Decision making, Dkk1 gene, Dna methylation, Dna replication, Drosophila, Epigenetic modification, Epigenetics, Foxm1 gene, Gene, Gene expression, Gene mutation, Genomics, Glioblastoma, Glioma, Hemangiopericytoma, Histopathology, Human, Hypoxia, Immunohistochemistry, Immunoreactivity, Klf4 gene, Lmo1 gene, Maml2 gene, Mapk signaling, Mass spectrometry, Metabolomics, Metastasis, Mortality, Neurofibromatosis type 2, Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, Overall survival, Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, Polr2a gene, Positron emission tomography, Prediction, Progression free survival, Protein expression, Pygo1 gene, Radiation exposure, Review, Signal transduction, Smarcb1 gene, Smarce1 gene, Survival rate, Traf7 gene, Whole exome sequencing, Wnt signaling, World health organization