Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 Patients: Pros and Cons

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dc.contributor.authorYounis, Nour K.
dc.contributor.authorZareef, Rana O.
dc.contributor.authorAl Hassan, Sally N.
dc.contributor.authorBitar, Fadi Fouad
dc.contributor.authorEid, Ali H.
dc.contributor.authorArabi, Mariam Toufic
dc.contributor.departmentPediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
dc.contributor.departmentPharmacology and Toxicology
dc.contributor.facultyFaculty of Medicine (FM)
dc.contributor.institutionAmerican University of Beirut
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-24T12:11:05Z
dc.date.available2025-01-24T12:11:05Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.description.abstractThe pandemic of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has recently overwhelmed medical centers and paralyzed economies. The unparalleled public distress caused by this pandemic mandated an urgent quest for an effective approach to manage or treat this disease. Due to their well-established anti-infectious and anti-inflammatory properties, quinine derivatives have been sought as potential therapies for COVID-19. Indeed, these molecules were originally employed in the treatment and prophylaxis of malaria, and later in the management of various autoimmune rheumatic and dermatologic diseases. Initially, some promising results for the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in treating COVID-19 patients were reported by a few in vitro and in vivo studies. However, current evidence is not yet sufficiently solid to warrant its use as a therapy for this disease. Additionally, the therapeutic effects of HCQ are not without many side effects, which range from mild gastrointestinal effects to life-threatening cardiovascular and neurological effects. In this review, we explore the controversy associated with the repurposing of HCQ to manage or treat COVID-19, and we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of HCQ. © Copyright © 2020 Younis, Zareef, Al Hassan, Bitar, Eid and Arabi.
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.597985
dc.identifier.eid2-s2.0-85097251561
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10938/32495
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherFrontiers Media S.A.
dc.relation.ispartofFrontiers in Pharmacology
dc.sourceScopus
dc.subjectChloroquine
dc.subjectCovid-19
dc.subjectDrug discovery
dc.subjectDrug repurposing
dc.subjectHydroxychloroquine
dc.subjectSars-cov-2
dc.subjectAngiotensin converting enzyme 2
dc.subjectInterleukin 1alpha
dc.subjectInterleukin 6
dc.subjectMitogen activated protein kinase p38
dc.subjectOxidoreductase
dc.subjectQuinone oxidoreductase 2
dc.subjectTumor necrosis factor
dc.subjectUnclassified drug
dc.subjectAntiviral activity
dc.subjectCardiotoxicity
dc.subjectComplete heart block
dc.subjectCoronavirus disease 2019
dc.subjectCytokine production
dc.subjectDrug bioavailability
dc.subjectDrug efficacy
dc.subjectDrug elimination
dc.subjectDrug half life
dc.subjectDrug mechanism
dc.subjectDrug safety
dc.subjectDrug tolerability
dc.subjectEnzyme inhibition
dc.subjectHeart bundle branch block
dc.subjectHeart ventricle tachycardia
dc.subjectHuman
dc.subjectHypokalemia
dc.subjectIn vitro study
dc.subjectNonhuman
dc.subjectPolymerase chain reaction
dc.subjectPre-exposure prophylaxis
dc.subjectQrs complex
dc.subjectQt prolongation
dc.subjectReview
dc.subjectSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
dc.subjectSystematic review
dc.subjectTorsade des pointes
dc.subjectTreatment duration
dc.subjectViral clearance
dc.subjectVirus replication
dc.titleHydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 Patients: Pros and Cons
dc.typeReview

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