Dietary glycemic index and glycemic load are not associated with the metabolic syndrome in lebanese healthy adults: A cross-sectional study
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MDPI AG
Abstract
High dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) were suggested to increase the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aims to estimate dietary GI and GL in a sample of healthy Lebanese adults and examine their association with MetS and its individual abnormalities. The study uses data from a community-based survey of 501 Lebanese urban adults. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Biochemical, anthropometric, and blood pressure measurements were obtained. Subjects with previous diagnosis of chronic disease, metabolic abnormalities, or with incomplete data or implausible energy intakes were excluded, yielding a sample of 283. Participants were grouped into quartiles of GI and GL. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Average dietary GI and GL were estimated at 59.9 ± 8 and 209.7 ± 100.3. Participants belonging to the highest GI quartile were at increased risk of having MetS (odds ratio (OR) = 2.251, 95% CI:1.120–4.525) but this association lost significance with further adjustments. Those belonging to the second quartile of GI had significantly lower odds of having hyperglycemia (OR: 0.380, 95% CI:0.174–0.833). No associations were detected between GL and MetS. The study contributes to the body of evidence discussing the relationship between GI, GL, and MetS, in a nutrition transition context. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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Glycemic index, Glycemic load, Lebanon, Metabolic syndrome, Urban adults, Adult, Cardiometabolic risk factors, Cross-sectional studies, Diet, Diet surveys, Female, Humans, Logistic models, Male, Middle aged, Odds ratio, Prevalence, Surveys and questionnaires, Urban population, Carbohydrate, Hemoglobin a1c, High density lipoprotein cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, Triacylglycerol, Alcohol consumption, Anthropometry, Article, Body composition, Body height, Body mass, Caloric intake, Controlled study, Coronary artery disease, Cross-sectional study, Diabetes mellitus, Diastolic blood pressure, Dyslipidemia, Education, Food frequency questionnaire, Glucose blood level, Health care survey, Human, Hyperglycemia, Hypertension, Income, Lebanese, Lifestyle modification, Major clinical study, Metabolic syndrome x, Nutritional assessment, Physical activity, Risk factor, Systolic blood pressure, Thyroid disease, Total cholesterol level, Waist circumference, Adverse event, Questionnaire, Statistical model