Norovirus vaccines: Correlates of protection, challenges and limitations
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Taylor and Francis Inc.
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Norovirus (NoV) is responsible for at least 50% of all gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. NoVs are classified into 6 different genogroups (GGI- GGVI) based on the viral capsid protein with NoV genogroup II genotype 4 (GII.4) being the predominant strain causing human diseases. Supportive therapy involving reversal of dehydration and electrolyte deficiency is the main treatment of NoV gastroenteritis. However, the worldwide increased recognition of NoV as an important agent of diarrheal gastroenteritis prompted researchers to focus on establishing preventive strategies conferring long-lasting immunity. This review describes the current status of animal and human vaccine models/studies targeting NoV and addresses the factors hampering the development of a broadly effective vaccine. © 2016 Taylor & Francis.
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Keywords
Diversity, Genogroups, Immunity, Nov, Vaccine, Virus-like particles, Animals, Biomarkers, Caliciviridae infections, Humans, Norovirus, Viral vaccines, Norovirus vaccine, Unclassified drug, Virus vaccine, Biological marker, Amino acid sequence, Antigen recognition, Asymptomatic infection, Diarrhea, Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, Gastroenteritis, Genetic variation, Genotype, Hemagglutination inhibition test, Human immunodeficiency virus infection, Immune response, Influenza, Norovirus infection, Open reading frame, Polymerase chain reaction, Protein expression, Review, Rotavirus, Seroprevalence, Virus shedding, Virus transmission, Animal, Human, Immunology