How Effective Are Nanomaterials for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Water and Wastewater?
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Springer
Abstract
Efficient removal of heavy metals from water and wastewater is a necessity for human and environmental well-being. Agricultural, domestic, and industrial waste discharges increase with the increase in the global population. Discharges are loaded with toxic metallic substances that inevitably reach water sources. Conventional treatment methods are in many cases inadequate in their removal efficiencies. Alternatively, recently developed advanced treatment approaches, such as nanotechnologies, offer advantages in water treatment. Nanotechnology brought about materials with high specific surface areas and adsorption capacities for the removal of undesirable heavy metals present in water. A detailed review of the use of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions is presented in this study. Limitations, research gaps, and suitability of nanotechnology in water treatment for the removal of heavy metals at a large scale are discussed, and relevant conclusions are accordingly deduced. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Carbon-based nanomaterials, Dendrimers, Heavy metals, Metal oxides, Nanoclays, Nanofiltration membranes, Nanomaterial, Adsorption, Agricultural robots, Driers (materials), Nanostructured materials, Aluminum oxide nanoparticle, Arsenic, Cadmium, Carbon nanofiber, Carbon nanoparticle, Carbon nanosphere, Carbon nanotube, Cerium oxide nanoparticle, Chromium, Copper, Dendrimer, Fullerene, Graphene, Kaolin, Lead, Magnesium oxide nanoparticle, Mercury, Montmorillonite, Nanoclay, Nanosized metal oxide, Silica nanoparticle, Titanium oxide nanoparticle, Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide, Unclassified drug, Water, Zeolite, Zinc, Adsorption capacities, Advanced treatment, Conventional treatments, Global population, High specific surface area, Removal efficiencies, Research gaps, Water and wastewater, Aqueous solution, Discharge, Heavy metal, Nanotechnology, Wastewater treatment, Concentration (parameter), Heavy metal removal, Human, Isotherm, Kinetics, Nanofiltration, Nonhuman, Particle size, Ph, Purification, Review, Surface area, Waste water, Waste water management, Water treatment, Chemicals removal (water treatment)