Super refractory status epilepticus secondary to anti-GAD antibody encephalitis successfully treated with aggressive immunotherapy

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dc.contributor.authorJaafar, Fatima
dc.contributor.authorHaddad, Laith
dc.contributor.authorKoleilat, Nadia
dc.contributor.authorSharara-Chami, Rana I.
dc.contributor.authorShbarou, Rolla M.
dc.contributor.departmentPediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
dc.contributor.departmentDivision of Pediatric Neurology
dc.contributor.departmentDivision of Pediatric Critical Care
dc.contributor.facultyFaculty of Medicine (FM)
dc.contributor.institutionAmerican University of Beirut
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-24T12:11:01Z
dc.date.available2025-01-24T12:11:01Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.description.abstractAntibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase are reported in association with a number of neurological conditions including limbic encephalitis. We report a case of anti-GAD-antibody associated encephalitis presenting with super-refractory status epilepticus. We describe the clinical course, management, and the outcome. In addition, we review the presentation and outcomes of reported cases of anti-GAD encephalitis. Similar to the reported cases of anti-GAD encephalitis, our case was refractory to treatment with conventional antiseizure medication. Treatment with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG), high dose corticosteroids, and plasmapheresis had partial response, but escalation of treatment to the use of tocilizumab was associated with significant clinical improvement. © 2020 The Authors
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebr.2020.100396
dc.identifier.eid2-s2.0-85096870322
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10938/32478
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier Inc.
dc.relation.ispartofEpilepsy and Behavior Reports
dc.sourceScopus
dc.subjectAutoimmune encephalitis
dc.subjectGlutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies
dc.subjectLimbic encephalitis
dc.subjectStatus epilepticus
dc.subjectTocilizumab
dc.subjectAciclovir
dc.subjectAntiinfective agent
dc.subjectClobazam
dc.subjectClonazepam
dc.subjectFoscarnet
dc.subjectGlutamate decarboxylase antibody
dc.subjectImmunoglobulin
dc.subjectKetamine
dc.subjectLacosamide
dc.subjectLevetiracetam
dc.subjectMethylprednisolone
dc.subjectMidazolam
dc.subjectPerampanel
dc.subjectPhenobarbital
dc.subjectPhenytoin
dc.subjectPropofol
dc.subjectTopiramate
dc.subjectTriacylglycerol lipase
dc.subjectValproic acid
dc.subjectAllergic encephalitis
dc.subjectAntibiotic therapy
dc.subjectAntibody blood level
dc.subjectAntiviral therapy
dc.subjectArticle
dc.subjectBrain atrophy
dc.subjectBrain infection
dc.subjectCase report
dc.subjectCerebrospinal fluid analysis
dc.subjectChild
dc.subjectClinical article
dc.subjectClinical feature
dc.subjectClinical outcome
dc.subjectConsciousness disorder
dc.subjectContinuous infusion
dc.subjectCorticosteroid therapy
dc.subjectDisease course
dc.subjectDisorientation
dc.subjectDrug infusion
dc.subjectDrug megadose
dc.subjectDrug resistant epilepsy
dc.subjectDrug substitution
dc.subjectDrug withdrawal
dc.subjectElectroencephalography
dc.subjectExtubation
dc.subjectFemale
dc.subjectFever
dc.subjectFocal epilepsy
dc.subjectFollow up
dc.subjectGastroenteritis
dc.subjectGlutamate decarboxylase antibody encephalitis
dc.subjectHospital admission
dc.subjectHuman
dc.subjectHyperreflexia
dc.subjectImmunotherapy
dc.subjectKetogenic diet
dc.subjectMotor dysfunction
dc.subjectNeuroimaging
dc.subjectNuclear magnetic resonance imaging
dc.subjectParaneoplastic neuropathy
dc.subjectPatient care
dc.subjectPlasmapheresis
dc.subjectPleocytosis
dc.subjectPriority journal
dc.subjectRespiratory tract intubation
dc.subjectSchool child
dc.subjectTemporal lobe
dc.subjectTreatment duration
dc.titleSuper refractory status epilepticus secondary to anti-GAD antibody encephalitis successfully treated with aggressive immunotherapy
dc.typeArticle

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