Effect of dispersants on the biodegradation of South Louisiana crude oil at 5 and 25 °C
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Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
This article reports biodegradation rates for a commercial dispersant, JD-2000, South Louisiana crude oil (SLC) alone, and SLC dispersed with JD-2000 at 5 and 25 °C. Results from the biodegradation experiments revealed that Component X, a chemical marker for JD-2000, rapidly degraded at both temperatures. The application of JD-2000 decreased by half the overall biodegradation rate of aliphatic compounds at 25 °C. At 5 °C, a residual fraction consisting of iso- and n-alkanes (C29-C35) persisted after 56 d. The combination of dispersant and higher temperature resulted in faster removal rates for 2- and 3-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. When compared with Corexit 9500, our results suggest that the chemistry of the surfactant (or surfactants) in JD-2000 might have favored oil dissolution (substrate transport to the aqueous phase) as an uptake mechanism over adhesion, which requires direct contact of the biomass with the oil. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
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Keywords
Biodegradation, Corexit 9500, Crude oil, Dispersants, Jd-2000, Surfactant, Alkanes, Biodegradation, environmental, Louisiana, Petroleum, Polycyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic, Surface-active agents, Temperature, Paraffins, Petroleum transportation, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Surface active agents, Alkane, Dispersant, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, Aliphatic compound, Biodegradation experiments, Biodegradation rate, Residual fraction, Substrate transports, Pah, Pollutant removal, Article, Biodegradability, Comparative study, Controlled study, Crystallization, Isomer, Microbial adhesion, Microbial degradation, Microcosm, Molecular weight, Nonhuman, Physical chemistry, Rate constant, Solubility, Temperature sensitivity, Bioremediation, Chemistry, Drug effects, Isolation and purification, Metabolism