Complex post-traumatic stress disorder
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Elsevier B.V.
Abstract
Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (complex PTSD) is a severe mental disorder that emerges in response to traumatic life events. Complex PTSD is characterised by three core post-traumatic symptom clusters, along with chronic and pervasive disturbances in emotion regulation, identity, and relationships. Complex PTSD has been adopted as a new diagnosis in the ICD-11. Individuals with complex PTSD typically have sustained or multiple exposures to trauma, such as childhood abuse and domestic or community violence. The disorder has a 1–8% population prevalence and up to 50% prevalence in mental health facilities. Progress in diagnostics, assessment, and differentiation from post-traumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder is reported, along with assessment and treatment of children and adolescents. Studies recommend multicomponent therapies starting with a focus on safety, psychoeducation, and patient-provider collaboration, and treatment components that include self-regulatory strategies and trauma-focused interventions. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
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Adolescent, Child, Child abuse, Humans, International classification of diseases, Prevalence, Stress disorders, post-traumatic, Violence, Glucocorticoid receptor, Lamotrigine, Prazosin, Quetiapine, Serotonin uptake inhibitor, Adult, Agitation, Automutilation, Awareness, Borderline state, Case report, Clinical article, Cognition, Community care, Community violence, Comorbidity assessment, Contusion, Depression, Domestic violence, Eating disorder, Emergency care, Emotional reactivity, Female, Health service, Hippocampus, Human, Injury severity, Internal reliability, International trauma interview, Lethargy, Lgbtqia+ people, Male, Mental disease, Mental health service, Middle aged, Narrative therapy, Neurobiology, Nightmare, Patient interaction, Personality disorder, Physical abuse, Polytraumatisation, Posttraumatic stress disorder, Psychoeducation, Psychosocial intervention, Questionnaire, Reliability, Review, Sexual violence, Skills training in affect and interpersonal regulation, Sleep disorder, Social interaction, Social support, Substance abuse, Working memory