Exploring Sex-Specific Metabolic Responses to Exercise Intensity: Implications for Fat Oxidation and Substrate Utilization Among University Students

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to investigate metabolic responses to exercise, focusing on fat oxidation dynamics and potential sex differences, to inform tailored exercise prescriptions and optimize health outcomes. Methods: Twenty participants (50% female, 50% male, aged 18-35) underwent comprehensive metabolic testing, including assessments of FatMax and VO2max. FatMax was defined as the exercise intensity maximizing fat oxidation, while VO2max represented peak oxygen uptake. Results: Significant sex disparities were observed in fat metabolism during exercise. Males exhibited a significantly higher FatMax intensity (73 watts) compared to females (43 watts), indicating greater efficiency in fat oxidation at higher exercise intensities. Maximal fat oxidation rates were also notably higher in males (0.4708 g/min) than females (0.3015 g/min). Conversely, heart rate at FatMax and respiratory quotient did not differ significantly between sexes, suggesting these variables did not influence observed differences in fat oxidation. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of considering sex-specific factors in exercise interventions aimed at improving metabolic health. Tailoring exercise prescriptions based on these differences can optimize fat oxidation and enhance the effectiveness of exercise programs across diverse populations.