Interleukin-37: A Link Between COVID-19, Diabetes, and the Black Fungus
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Frontiers Media S.A.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic involved millions of people and diabetes was identified as an associated comorbidity. Initiation of systemic corticosteroids in patients suffering from severe COVID-19 was associated with lower mortality. A surge of invasive fungal infections of the maxillofacial region, namely mucormycosis, was linked to a deadly infection known as black fungus. Black fungus, diabetes, corticosteroids, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) all have a dysregulated immune response in common, which partly could also be attributed to interleukin 37 (IL-37). IL-37, a new cytokine of the IL-1 family, known for broadly reducing innate inflammation as well as acquired immune responses. The use of corticosteroids in diabetic COVID-19 patients, crowded hospitals, and lack of medical oxygen should be carefully considered to reduce COVID-associated secondary infections. Copyright © 2022 Tokajian, Merhi, Al Khoury and Nemer.
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Corticosteroids, Covid-19, Il-37, Mucormycosis, T2d, C reactive protein, Dexamethasone, Gamma interferon, Gamma interferon inducible protein 10, Interleukin 1, Interleukin 10, Interleukin 18 receptor, Interleukin 1alpha, Interleukin 1beta, Interleukin 37, Interleukin 6, Macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha, Macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta, Monocyte chemotactic protein 1, Oseltamivir, Rantes, Tumor necrosis factor, Adaptive immunity, Black fungus, Body mass, Comorbidity, Coronavirus disease 2019, Cytokine storm, Diabetes mellitus, Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, Glycemic control, Human, Hyperglycemia, Immune response, Immunosuppressive treatment, Innate immunity, Mortality, Mucor, Nonhuman, Pathogenesis, Review, Single nucleotide polymorphism