Acute neurological visual loss in young adults: Causes, diagnosis and management
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BMJ Publishing Group
Abstract
Visual loss in the young adult can be caused by demyelinating diseases, inflammatory and autoimmune processes, infections, ischaemic events, and compressive lesions of the optic nerve. Diagnosis of the aetiologies of visual loss is reached by combining data from radiological studies, electrophysiological tests, and blood and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Treatment is primarily aimed at decreasing the insult on the optic nerve and eventually controlling the primary disorder. The literature discusses separately the different aetiologies of visual loss. We present a review of the clinical characteristics of visual loss in the young adult, the different diagnostic measures, and the latest therapeutic strategies. The aim of this work is to summarise this entity in a practical way to guide clinicians in the diagnosis and management of this disorder. © 2015, BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
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Keywords
Acute disease, Blindness, Demyelinating diseases, Diagnostic techniques, ophthalmological, Emergency medicine, Humans, Optic nerve, Optic neuritis, Practice guidelines as topic, Young adult, Aquaporin 4 antibody, Azathioprine, Beta1a interferon, C reactive protein, Cardiolipin antibody, Dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase, Fingolimod, Folic acid, Glatiramer, Immunoglobulin, Immunoglobulin g, Interferon beta serine, Methotrexate, Methylprednisolone, Mitochondrial dna, Mycophenolate mofetil, Natalizumab, Oligoclonal band, Rituximab, Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Babinski reflex, Blood analysis, Brain ischemia, Cerebrospinal fluid, Cerebrospinal fluid analysis, Connective tissue disease, Demyelinating disease, Electrophysiological procedures, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Evoked brain stem auditory response, Evoked visual response, Human, Impotence, Multiple sclerosis, Myelooptic neuropathy, Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, Optic nerve lesion, Optical coherence tomography, Plasmapheresis, Protein cerebrospinal fluid level, Protein electrophoresis, Retina inner plexiform layer, Review, Sarcoidosis, Spastic paraplegia, Spinal cord disease, Vater papilla stenosis, Visual impairment, Complication, Pathology, Pathophysiology, Practice guideline, Visual system examination