Retinoids: a journey from the molecular structures and mechanisms of action to clinical uses in dermatology and adverse effects

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dc.contributor.authorKhalil, Samar
dc.contributor.authorBardawil, Tara
dc.contributor.authorStephan, Carla
dc.contributor.authorDarwiche, Nadine D.
dc.contributor.authorAbbas, Ossama M.
dc.contributor.authorKibbi, Abdul Ghani M.
dc.contributor.authorNemer, Georges M.
dc.contributor.authorKurban, Mazen S.
dc.contributor.departmentInternal Medicine
dc.contributor.departmentDermatology
dc.contributor.departmentBiochemistry and Molecular Genetics
dc.contributor.facultyFaculty of Medicine (FM)
dc.contributor.institutionAmerican University of Beirut
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-24T11:50:17Z
dc.date.available2025-01-24T11:50:17Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.description.abstractRetinoids are a class of compounds derived from vitamin A or having structural and/or functional similarities with vitamin A. They are classified into three generations based on their molecular structures. Inside the body, retinoids bind to several classes of proteins including retinoid-binding proteins and retinoid nuclear receptors. This eventually leads to the activation of specific regulatory regions of DNA–called the retinoic acid response elements–involved in regulating cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Several clinical trials have studied the role of topical and systemic retinoids in disease, and research is still ongoing. Currently, retinoids are used in several fields of medicine. This paper aims to review the structure, mechanisms of action, and adverse effects of retinoids, as well as some of their current uses in Dermatology. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2017.1309349
dc.identifier.eid2-s2.0-85017012322
dc.identifier.pmid28318351
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10938/30939
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherTaylor and Francis Ltd
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Dermatological Treatment
dc.sourceScopus
dc.subjectAcne vulgaris
dc.subjectIsotretinoin
dc.subjectPsoriasis
dc.subjectRetinoic acid
dc.subjectRetinoids
dc.subjectAdministration, topical
dc.subjectBacterial infections
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectReceptors, retinoic acid
dc.subjectRetinoid x receptors
dc.subjectRetinol-binding proteins
dc.subjectSkin diseases
dc.subjectVitamin a
dc.subjectXerophthalmia
dc.subjectCell nucleus receptor
dc.subjectCholesterol
dc.subjectCreatine kinase
dc.subjectDrug metabolite
dc.subjectRetinoid binding protein
dc.subjectRetinoid derivative
dc.subjectRetinoid nuclear receptor
dc.subjectRetinol
dc.subjectTriacylglycerol
dc.subjectUnclassified drug
dc.subjectRetinoic acid receptor
dc.subjectRetinoid
dc.subjectRetinoid x receptor
dc.subjectRetinol binding protein
dc.subjectAbdominal pain
dc.subjectActinic keratosis
dc.subjectAdverse drug reaction
dc.subjectAggression
dc.subjectApocrine gland
dc.subjectArthralgia
dc.subjectBasal cell carcinoma
dc.subjectBone pain
dc.subjectBrain pseudotumor
dc.subjectCell differentiation
dc.subjectCheilitis
dc.subjectChemical structure
dc.subjectCutaneous parameters
dc.subjectCutaneous t cell lymphoma
dc.subjectDarier disease
dc.subjectDepression
dc.subjectDermatology
dc.subjectDiarrhea
dc.subjectDrug mechanism
dc.subjectDrug structure
dc.subjectDry skin
dc.subjectEpiphysis disease
dc.subjectEpistaxis
dc.subjectErythema
dc.subjectGraft recipient
dc.subjectGranuloma
dc.subjectHair loss
dc.subjectHand eczema
dc.subjectHeadache
dc.subjectHuman
dc.subjectHyperostosis
dc.subjectIchthyosis
dc.subjectInflammatory disease
dc.subjectIntracranial hypertension
dc.subjectIrritability
dc.subjectKaposi sarcoma
dc.subjectKeratinization
dc.subjectLichen planus
dc.subjectLigament calcinosis
dc.subjectMania
dc.subjectMeibomian gland dysfunction
dc.subjectMeta analysis (topic)
dc.subjectMucosal dryness
dc.subjectMuir torre syndrome
dc.subjectMulticenter study (topic)
dc.subjectMyalgia
dc.subjectNausea
dc.subjectNight blindness
dc.subjectPapilledema
dc.subjectParonychia
dc.subjectPhase 3 clinical trial (topic)
dc.subjectPhotoaging
dc.subjectPityriasis rubra pilaris
dc.subjectPriority journal
dc.subjectPruritus
dc.subjectPsychosis
dc.subjectRandomized controlled trial (topic)
dc.subjectReview
dc.subjectRosacea
dc.subjectSebaceous gland disease
dc.subjectSide effect
dc.subjectSkin disease
dc.subjectSkin irritation
dc.subjectSleep disorder
dc.subjectSquamous cell skin carcinoma
dc.subjectSuicidal behavior
dc.subjectSuppurative hidradenitis
dc.subjectSweat gland disease
dc.subjectSystematic review (topic)
dc.subjectSystemic disease
dc.subjectSystemic therapy
dc.subjectTeratogenicity
dc.subjectTopical treatment
dc.subjectTriacylglycerol blood level
dc.subjectVisual impairment
dc.subjectXerostomia
dc.subjectBacterial infection
dc.subjectChemistry
dc.subjectMetabolism
dc.subjectPathology
dc.subjectTopical drug administration
dc.titleRetinoids: a journey from the molecular structures and mechanisms of action to clinical uses in dermatology and adverse effects
dc.typeReview

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