The Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Cancer: Regulation and Therapeutic Opportunities

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dc.contributor.authorGhanem, Noorhan
dc.contributor.authorel-Baba, Chirine Omar
dc.contributor.authorAraji, Khaled
dc.contributor.authorEl-Khoury, Riyad
dc.contributor.authorUsta, Julnar A.R.
dc.contributor.authorDarwiche, Nadine D.
dc.contributor.departmentBiochemistry and Molecular Genetics
dc.contributor.departmentPathology and Laboratory Medicine
dc.contributor.facultyFaculty of Medicine (FM)
dc.contributor.institutionAmerican University of Beirut
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-24T11:38:12Z
dc.date.available2025-01-24T11:38:12Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description.abstractBackground: Tumorigenesis is associated with deregulation of nutritional requirements, intermediary metabolites production, and microenvironment interactions. Unlike their normal cell counterparts, tumor cells rely on aerobic glycolysis, through the Warburg effect. Summary: The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a major glucose metabolic shunt that is upregulated in cancer cells. The PPP comprises an oxidative and a nonoxidative phase and is essential for nucleotide synthesis of rapidly dividing cells. The PPP also generates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, which is required for reductive metabolism and to counteract oxidative stress in tumor cells. This article reviews the regulation of the PPP and discusses inhibitors that target its main pathways. Key Message: Exploiting the metabolic vulnerability of the PPP offers potential novel therapeutic opportunities and improves patients' response to cancer therapy. © 2021 S. Karger AG, Basel.
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1159/000519784
dc.identifier.eid2-s2.0-85120324168
dc.identifier.pmid34775382
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10938/29008
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherS. Karger AG
dc.relation.ispartofChemotherapy
dc.sourceScopus
dc.subjectCancer
dc.subjectMetabolism
dc.subjectPentose phosphate pathway
dc.subjectGlucose
dc.subjectGlycolysis
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectNeoplasms
dc.subjectOxidative stress
dc.subjectTumor microenvironment
dc.subjectGlucose regulated protein 78
dc.subjectGlucose transporter 4
dc.subjectGlutathione
dc.subjectMicrorna
dc.subjectNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
dc.subjectPhosphate
dc.subjectProtein bcl 2
dc.subjectProtein kinase b
dc.subjectProtein p53
dc.subjectSirtuin 1
dc.subjectAcute lymphoblastic leukemia
dc.subjectAngiogenesis
dc.subjectAntineoplastic activity
dc.subjectApoptosis
dc.subjectAtherosclerosis
dc.subjectBreast hyperplasia
dc.subjectCancer growth
dc.subjectCancer prognosis
dc.subjectCancer resistance
dc.subjectCarcinogenesis
dc.subjectCell cycle arrest
dc.subjectCell cycle progression
dc.subjectCell invasion
dc.subjectCell proliferation
dc.subjectCell survival
dc.subjectColorectal cancer
dc.subjectCrystal structure
dc.subjectCytotoxicity
dc.subjectDeregulation
dc.subjectDna damage
dc.subjectEnzyme activity
dc.subjectG1 phase cell cycle checkpoint
dc.subjectGene expression
dc.subjectGenetic transcription
dc.subjectGlucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
dc.subjectGlucose tolerance
dc.subjectGlucose transport
dc.subjectGlycosylation
dc.subjectHuman
dc.subjectHuntington chorea
dc.subjectHydrogen bond
dc.subjectIc50
dc.subjectInflammation
dc.subjectLiver cell carcinoma
dc.subjectLung adenocarcinoma
dc.subjectLung cancer
dc.subjectLymph node metastasis
dc.subjectMalignant neoplasm
dc.subjectMetabolic regulation
dc.subjectMicroenvironment
dc.subjectMitochondrial respiration
dc.subjectMouth cancer
dc.subjectNucleic acid metabolism
dc.subjectNucleotide metabolism
dc.subjectNutritional requirement
dc.subjectOsteoarthritis
dc.subjectOvary cancer
dc.subjectOxidation
dc.subjectPancreas cancer
dc.subjectPentose phosphate cycle
dc.subjectPi3k/akt signaling
dc.subjectProstate cancer
dc.subjectProtein synthesis
dc.subjectPsoriasis
dc.subjectReview
dc.subjectSynthesis
dc.subjectThyroid cancer
dc.subjectThyroid papillary carcinoma
dc.subjectTumor growth
dc.subjectTumor invasion
dc.subjectTumor regression
dc.subjectTumor suppressor gene
dc.subjectTumor volume
dc.subjectUnfolded protein response
dc.subjectUpregulation
dc.subjectUterine cervix cancer
dc.subjectWarburg effect
dc.subjectNeoplasm
dc.titleThe Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Cancer: Regulation and Therapeutic Opportunities
dc.typeReview

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