Discovery of Aromatic Carbamates that Confer Neuroprotective Activity by Enhancing Autophagy and Inducing the Anti-Apoptotic Protein B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)
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American Chemical Society
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases share certain pathophysiological hallmarks that represent common targets for drug discovery. In particular, dysfunction of proteostasis and the resultant apoptotic death of neurons represent common pathways for pharmacological intervention. A library of aromatic carbamate derivatives based on the clinically available drug flupirtine was synthesized to determine a structure-activity relationship for neuroprotective activity. Several derivatives were identified that possess greater protective effect in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons, protecting up to 80% of neurons against etoposide-induced apoptosis at concentrations as low as 100 nM. The developed aromatic carbamates possess physicochemical properties desirable for CNS therapeutics. The primary known mechanisms of action of the parent scaffold are not responsible for the observed neuroprotective activity. Herein, we demonstrate that neuroprotective aromatic carbamates function to increase the Bcl-2/Bax ratio to an antiapoptotic state and activate autophagy through induction of beclin 1. © 2017 American Chemical Society.
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Animals, Autophagy, Carbamates, Cell line, Drug discovery, Humans, Neurons, Neuroprotection, Neuroprotective agents, Proto-oncogene proteins c-bcl-2, Rats, (9h fluoren 9 yl)methyl[2 amino 6 [(4 fluorobenzyl)amino] pyridin 3 yl]carbamate, 1 chloroethyl 6 (4 fluorobenzylamino) 2 aminopyridin 3 ylcarbamate, 2 chloroethyl 6 (4 fluorobenzylamino) 2 aminopyridin 3 ylcarbamate, 2,2,2 trichloroethyl[2 amino 6 [(4 fluorobenzyl)amino]pyridin 3 yl]carbamate, Allyl 6 (4 fluorobenzylamino) 2 aminopyridin 3 ylcarbamate, Benzyl 6 (4 fluorobenzylamino) 2 aminopyridin 3 ylcarbamate, Carbamic acid derivative, Ethyl 6 [3 (trifluoromethyl)benzylamino] 2 aminopyridin 3 ylcarbamate, Ethyl [2 amino 6 [(3 methoxybenzyl)amino]pyridin 3 yl]carbamate, Ethyl [2 amino 6 [(3 methylbenzyl)amino]pyridin 3 yl]carbamate, Ethyl [2 amino 6 [(4 chlorobenzyl)amino]pyridin 3 yl]carbamate, Ethyl [2 amino 6 [[4 (trifluoromethoxy)benzyl]amino]pyridin 3 yl]carbamate, Ethyl(2 amino 6 [[[6 (trifluoromethyl)pyridin 3 yl]methyl]amino]pyridin 3 yl]carbamate, Ethyl[2 amino 6 (benzylamino)pyridin 3 yl]carbamate, Ethyl[2 amino 6 [(4 fluorophenethyl)amino]pyridin 3 yl]carbamate, Ethyl[2 amino 6 [(4 methoxybenzyl)amino]pyridin 3 yl]carbamate, Ethyl[2 amino 6 [(4 methylbenzyl)amino]pyridin 3 yl]carbamate, Ethyl[2 amino 6 [(naphthalen 2 ylmethyl)amino]pyridin 3 yl]carbamate, Ethyl[2 amino 6 [[2 (trifluoromethyl)benzyl)amino]pyridin 3 yl]carbamate, Ethyl[2 amino 6 [[4 (trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino]pyridin 3 yl]carbamate, Ethyl[2 amino 6 [[4 [(trifluoromethyl)thio]benzyl]amino]pyridin 3 yl]carbamate, Hexyl [2 amino 6 [(4 fluorobenzyl)amino]pyridin 3 yl]carbamate, Isobutyl 6 (4 fluorobenzylamino) 2 aminopyridin 3 ylcarbamate, Methyl 6 (4 fluorobenzylamino) 2 aminopyridin 3 ylcarbamate, Neuroprotective agent, Phenyl [2 amino 6 [(4 fluorobenzyl)amino]pyridin 3 yl]carbamate, Prop 2 yn 1 yl[2 amino 6 [(4 fluorobenzyl)amino]pyridin 3 yl]carbamate, Propyl[2 amino 6 [(fluorobenzyl)amino]pyridin 3 yl)carbamate, Tert butyl 6 (4 fluorobenzylamino) 2 aminopyridin 3 ylcarbamate, Unclassified drug, Unindexed drug, Protein bcl 2, Apoptosis, Article, Controlled study, Drug mechanism, Drug synthesis, Human, Human cell, Induced pluripotent stem cell, Pc12 cell line, Physical chemistry, Sh-sy5y cell line, Animal, Chemistry, Cytology, Drug development, Drug effects, Metabolism, Nerve cell, Rat