The Socio-Environmental Impact of White Phosphorous Ammunition in South Lebanon: Analysis and Risk Mitigation Strategies

Abstract

Southern Lebanon witnessed an increase in military strikes by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) on civilian population, land and infrastructure following the start of the October 2023 hostilities. In several of these attacks, White Phosphorus (WP) ammunition was used.1 These munitions are causing significant environmental damage, threats to public health and economic losses. The use of WP by the IDF against Lebanese territories is a repetitive phenomenon over the years. While their legality remains a contentious topic, their use is impacting civilian health and livelihood. The threat they pose on welfare and collective wellbeing therefore imposes the intervention of public institutions. Local and central governments must develop a clear and comprehensive strategy to mitigate the danger of these attacks. Alongside mitigation, this strategy should include recovery projects in the areas where WP ammunition was deployed. In this brief, we examine the direct and indirect impact of the use of WP in warfare, specifically in Lebanon. We also discuss appropriate mitigation measures to combat its long-lasting effect on local communities.