Revisiting Down syndrome from the ENT perspective: Review of literature and recommendations
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Springer Verlag
Abstract
Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality among live born infants reaching up to 1 in 700 births and is characterized by a variety of dysmorphic features and medical conditions. The potential to reach their full developmental capacities can be hindered by ear, nose, and throat problems. Hence, knowledge of the various anatomic peculiarities that predispose them to various medical conditions is fundamental. The medical states resulting from these variations and suggested treatment options are reviewed. Such conditions include refractory otitis, eustachian tube dysfunction, laryngomalacia, tracheal stenosis, obstructive sleep apnea, hearing loss, and voice and articulatory impairments. This review revisits besides the otolaryngeal pathologies, special medical considerations in Down's syndrome patients that might affect surgical outcomes used in the management of the above pathologies. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
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Keywords
Down syndrome, Ear, Nose, Otolaryngology, Pharynx, Speech, Throat, Abnormalities, multiple, Child, Comorbidity, Craniofacial abnormalities, Deafness, Humans, Language development disorders, Otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Respiratory system abnormalities, Speech disorders, Airway obstruction, Apnea hypopnea index, Atlantooccipital joint, Auditory tube dysfunction, Ear nose throat disease, Hearing impairment, Human, Joint instability, Laryngomalacia, Otitis, Otorhinolaryngology, Positive end expiratory pressure, Priority journal, Quality of life, Review, Sleep disordered breathing, Trachea stenosis, Voice disorder, Voice parameter