Autism in Review

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorders are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired verbal and/or nonverbal communication in addition to repeti- tive stereotypical behaviors. We present a review article on this topic. Criteria for diagnosis are defined by the Diagnos- tic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM 5). Abnormalities at the level of synapses, including newly described genetic perturbations, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autism. Non-invasive modalities like Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging have identi- fied white matter tract involvemeht in the brains of autistic in- dividuals. Early and intensive intervention impact prognosis. Risperidone and aripiprazole are FDA approved for irritability in autism although no known medication relieves core symp- toms of social and communication impairment. Fluoxetine is used to decrease anxiety in autistic patients.