Designing a Teacher Portal Based on Argumentation Biology Lessons for Grade 10: Integrating Toulmin’s Framework in the Lebanese Curriculum

Abstract

This project aims to design six argumentative biology lessons for Grade 10 students grounded in Toulmin's Argumentation Framework or Model (TAM) for teaching biology and integrated with the Argumentation Model. Six lesson plans are selected from the Lebanese Grade 10 Biology curriculum and Toulmin’s model is integrated into them. They are designed to engage students through student-centered teaching styles based on discussion and debate, group work, lab-based investigations, and report writing. The newly modified lesson plans foster scientific reasoning and encourage collaborative dialogue that deepens conceptual understanding through structured discussions and lab investigations, supported by evidence, while writing scientific essays. The designed lesson plans are customized to be easily adopted by teachers who will shift their teaching styles from teacher-centered strategies, such as lecturing to student-centered styles, such as argumentation. Like any innovation, this new integrated lesson plan may have limitations that require the cooperation of administrative vision and teachers’ qualifications to overcome these disadvantages and turn them into strengths. The outcomes of these newly created lesson plans are successfully measured, practically explored, and can be physically applied in a real classroom setting.