Biomarkers of chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A state-of-the art review
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Elsevier B.V.
Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that occurs several years following repetitive mild concussive or sub concussive brain injuries. To date, it is a post-mortem diagnosis. Traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) is a framework that was developed as a clinical predictor of CTE in living individuals. Development of biomarkers of CTE, detectable through imaging or bodily fluids will aid improve the diagnostic accuracy of CTE in life, and help develop prevention and therapeutic strategies. This article reviews biomarkers investigated to date, and discusses challenges and future avenues in this burgeoning field. © 2023 The Authors
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Biomarker, Blood, Cerebrospinal fluid, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Imaging, Traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, Amyloid beta protein, Aquaporin 4, Biological marker, Choline, Florbetapir f 18, Flortaucipir, Glial fibrillary acidic protein, Glutathione, Interleukin 1, Interleukin 6, Phenylalanine, Platelet derived growth factor beta receptor, Tau protein, Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2, Tumor necrosis factor, Amygdala, Arterial spin labeling, Article, Boston naming test, Brain blood flow, Brain hemorrhage, Brain injury, Brain perfusion, Brain size, California verbal learning test, Cognition, Corpus callosum, Dementia, Depression, Diffusion tensor imaging, Dynamic contrast enhanced imaging, Dynamic susceptibility contrast, Excitotoxicity, Exosome, Fractional anisotropy, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Glymphatic system, Headache, Human, Immune response, Lesion volume, Mental disease, Mild cognitive impairment, Montreal cognitive assessment, Nervous system inflammation, Neurofibrillary tangle, Neuropsychological assessment, Parietal cortex, Positron emission tomography, Questionnaire, Receiver operating characteristic, Septum pellucidum, Standardized uptake value ratio, Susceptibility weighted imaging, Trail making test, Traumatic brain injury