dc.contributor.author |
Abi Esber, Layale Amid, |
dc.date |
2014 |
dc.date.accessioned |
2015-02-03T10:23:57Z |
dc.date.available |
2015-02-03T10:23:57Z |
dc.date.issued |
2014 |
dc.date.submitted |
2014 |
dc.identifier.other |
b18291867 |
dc.identifier.uri |
http://hdl.handle.net/10938/10046 |
dc.description |
Dissertation. Ph.D. American University of Beirut. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2014. ED:52 |
dc.description |
Advisor : Dr. Mutasem El Fadel, Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering ; Members of Committee: Dr. Alan Shihadeh, Professor, Mechanical Engineering ; Dr. Ibrahim Alameddine, Assistant Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dr. Elie Bou Zeid, Assistant Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, United States ; Dr. Marianne Hatzopoulo, Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering McGill University, Canada. |
dc.description |
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 243-249) |
dc.description.abstract |
Vehicular exhaust is a major air pollution source in urban areas and contributes a large portion of carbon monoxide (CO) and fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) present in outdoor air that can flow into enclosed micro-environments. Occupants of vehicles are at highest risk of exposure to CO and PM₂.₅ due to their proximity to the exhaust of other vehicles. Attempts at interpreting the high levels of traffic emissions inside the vehicle attributed the problem to a large array of factors including ventilation setting, weather conditions, roadway type, vehicle characteristics and self pollution. However, several determinants remained scarcely, superficially or not yet studied such as out-vehicle sample intake location, indoor to outdoor difference in temperature, pressure and humidity levels and self pollution potential. Also, multivariate regression models reported in the literature on in-vehicle exposure to CO could explain at best 69percent of CO variability inside a car cabin. Hence, the current work aims at improving the understanding of in-cabin exposure to CO and PM₂.₅, and self pollution potential inside vehicles. For this purpose, field testing was conducted using six different vehicles and involving the monitoring of in- and out-vehicle CO and PM₂.₅ concentrations and 25 different potential determinants including air quality, meteorological, temporal, vehicle and traffic related variables. Monitoring data from a total of 119 mobile tests, 120 fume leakage tests, and 36 stationary tests were coupled with mathematical and regression modeling analysis to estimate in-cabin fume leakage rates inside self polluting vehicles and develop models of in-cabin air pollutant concentrations. Air pollution levels were unexpectedly higher in new vehicles compared to old vehicles, with in-cabin air quality most correlated to that of out-vehicle air near the front windshield. Self-pollution was observed at variable rates in three of the six tested vehicles. Significant correlations |
dc.format.extent |
xvi, 249 leaves : illustrations (some color) ; 30 cm |
dc.language.iso |
eng |
dc.relation.ispartof |
Theses, Dissertations, and Projects |
dc.subject.classification |
ED:000052 AUBNO |
dc.subject.lcsh |
Particles -- Environmental aspects. |
dc.subject.lcsh |
Indoor air pollution. |
dc.subject.lcsh |
Carbon monoxide. |
dc.subject.lcsh |
Air quality. |
dc.subject.lcsh |
Multivariate analysis. |
dc.subject.lcsh |
Motor vehicles. |
dc.subject.lcsh |
Air -- Pollution -- Environmental aspects. |
dc.subject.lcsh |
Mathematical models. |
dc.title |
Determinants of in-cabin exposure to vehicle-induced emissions - |
dc.type |
Dissertation |
dc.contributor.department |
American University of Beirut. Faculty of Engineering and Architecture. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, degree granting institution. |