أنسي الحاج والسرياليّةُ الفرنسيّة : من الجسد الهاذي إلى الحب المجنون

Abstract

تختبرُ هذه الرسالةُ لقاءَ الشاعر اللبنانيّ أنسي الحاج (1937-2014) بالسرياليّة، وتركّزُ تحديدًا على لقائه شخصيّتَين رئيستَين في الحركة السرياليّة الفرنسيّة هما أنطونان أرتو (1896-1948) وأندريه بروتون (1896-1966). فالحاج كان مِن أوّلِ مَن ترجمَ أرتو وبروتون إلى العربيّة، وقدّمَ دراستَين عنهما أُرفقتا بترجماته التي نُشرت في مجلّة شعر. تغطّي الرسالةُ تجربةَ الحاج الشع

This thesis explores the encounter of the Lebanese poet Unsī al-Ḥājj (1937-2014) with surrealism, precisely with two pivotal figures of the French surrealist movement, Antonin Artaud (1896-1948) and André Breton (1896-1966), of whom al-Ḥājj was a translator and a commentator. Covering al-Ḥājj’s poetical experience in its entirety, it tries to show how the literary and – more significant to the surrealist’s revolutionary undertaking – the extraliterary preoccupations of this experience were affected and shaped by al-Ḥājj’s surrealist “affiliation.” Two major phases are discerned in al-Ḥājj: an “Artaudian phase,” under which we can range Lan (Never, 1960) and al-Raʼs al-maqṭūʻ (The Acephalic, 1963), his first two poetry collections, and a “Bretonian phase,” under which falls Mādhā ṣanaʻta bi-l-dhahab, mādhā faʻalta bi-l-warda (What Have You Made with the Gold, What Have You Done to the Rose, 1970), al-Ḥājj’s fourth collection, along with his long poem al-Rasūla bi-shaʻrihā l-ṭawīl ḥattā l-yanābīʻ (The Messenger with her Long Hair to the Springs, 1975). In reading the former, I draw on Artaud’s writings and on some of Gilles Deleuze’s concepts like delirium, becoming, and the “Body without Organs” (BwO); whereas in reading the latter, my theoretical basis will be Breton’s writings on surrealism, love, and the woman, especially in his prose quartet which stretches from Nadja (1928) to Arcane 17 (1944), with Les Vases communicants (1932) and L’Amour fou (1937) as its other two components. Māḍī l-ayyām al-ātiya (The Past of the Coming Days, 1965) and al-Walīma (The Feast, 1994), al-Ḥājj’s third and fifth collections respectively, do not belong to any