Opportunities and Challenges to Develop and Implement Climate Change Policies: The Lebanon Case

Abstract

Climate change poses significant challenges to various sectors in Lebanon, particularly the water sector, where the absence of climate change considerations in policies and strategies leaves the sector vulnerable to climatic hazards. In response, the Ministry of Energy and Water updated its National Water Sector Strategy (NWSS) in 2022, aiming to address emerging challenges and enhance resilience. This thesis examines the extent to which climate change is integrated into policies, focusing on the mainstreaming of climate change within the updated NWSS 2020-2035. Additionally, it evaluates the evolution of policies and strategies from NWSS 2010 to NWSS 2020-2035, including climate strategies aimed at enhancing water management practices. The study explores the opportunities and challenges associated with mainstreaming climate change in policy planning in Lebanon, categorizing them into three levels: individual, organizational, and enabling environment. By analyzing institutional barriers and opportunities, the research aims to identify key areas for improvement and propose recommendations to enhance climate resilience within the water sector. Furthermore, it provides insights into the role of policy integration and coordination in addressing climate change impacts effectively, aiming to foster a more resilient water sector in Lebanon amidst the challenges posed by climate change.