Genetic Testing in the Workplace: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Genetics, and genetic testing in particular, has social, ethical, and legal implications, especially in the workplace. One concern people have with genetic screening is that the focus would shift from controlling the environment and maintaining a safe and healthful workplace to excluding the vulnerable worker. Some argue that pre-existing genetic factors play a role in occupational morbidity, mortality, and injury, and accordingly, should lead to further prevention and control efforts. Others argue that environmental risk factors are more prevalent than genetic ones, and hence are more important for developing prevention and intervention strategies in occupational diseases, which would potentially decrease morbidity and mortality. Globally, there are different perspectives towards genetic testing. Given the controversiality of genetic testing, a scoping review was conducted to summarize the existing global knowledge on genetic testing in the workplace. A search of four databases (Scopus, Medline Ovid, CINAHL, and Web of Science) and grey literature websites was conducted to identify relevant literature published until April 5, 2023. Six thousand eight hundred fifteen (6,815) records were retrieved from the searches, and 165 articles were included for the final review. The articles focused on (1) associations between workplace exposures and genetic outcomes in different workplaces or contexts (healthcare and research, manufacturing, chemical, textile, energy industries, agriculture and food sectors, and the environment and waste management sectors), and (2) the ethical, legal, and social implications of workplace genetic testing. This thesis promotes the idea of using genetic testing in workplaces in a fair and equitable manner, emphasizing the importance of protecting genetic privacy while using genetics to improve occupational health. The text emphasizes the significance of harmonizing science, ethics, and law to guarantee that testing promotes health rather than engendering conflict. Future study should prioritize the integration of genetic testing in workplaces, investigating the potential long-term consequences, and formulating standards to tackle gaps in access. This will ensure the ethical utilization of genetic testing to enhance the health and safety of employees on a worldwide scale.