اللغة، التجربة، النص : قراءة أنطو-دلالية للنفري

Abstract

تسعى هذه الأطروحة في جانبها النّظريّ إلى مساءلة أدوات قراءة التّراث بشكل عامّ والتّجربة الصّوفيّة بشكل خاصّ، وتسعى في جانبها التّطبيقيّ إلى تحليل رؤية الوجود (Weltanschauung) عند النفَّرِيّ (ق 4-10) من خلال بناء جهازٍ قِــرَائِيّ حديثٍ يناسبُ نصوصَه وتجربتَه. وتنفُذُ الأطروحة إلى ذلك عَبْرَ بحْث علاقة رؤية الوجود باللّغة، واستقصاء حضورِ هذه العلاقة في الثّ

The aim of this dissertation is to question the hermeneutical tools of reading the Arabic heritage in general and the Sufi experience in particular, through analyzing the worldview (Weltanschauung) in an-Niffarī’s experience (4th Century A.H) by developing its own reading tools. In view of that, the study delves into the concept of worldview and its relationship with language. It then traces this concept in the Islamic culture by adopting a multi-layered approach: It begins by demonstrating how the most famous names and attributes of the Qurān reflect its worldview; afterwards, it discusses the dilemma between truth and metaphor in the Sufi experience. Against this dilemma, the old and modern research tools used to analyze and interpret the Sufi experiences are revised and reconsidered. Subsequently, I propose an alternative methodological frame: the onto-semantic, which is a hermeneutical tool that uses language to deduce the ontology of the experience from the meanings of words, in addition to the ontological dimensions that these meanings diffuse in their contextual usages. However, the onto- semantic is not a method; it is rather a frame that generates its tools from the experience itself, I mean from its worldviews and terms, thus, the study proposes a key tool that fits an-Niffarī’s view and language: shaʿath. Shaʿath, which has common characteristics with poststructuralist concepts, is perhaps the most convenient tool to read an-Niffarī, since it emerges from within the ontological experience and its language. More importantly, it derives from the religious and linguistic context to which an-Niffarī belongs. Consequently, the concept shaʿath accomplishes the dissertation’s aim: Addressing the mystical experience by constructing a hermeneutical tool that has modern features, while belonging to the experience and its cultural context. Shaʿath is an ontological state that dominates an-Niffarī’s esoteric experience, language,